With the recent outbreak of measles in the U.S., it is important for parents to know how to protect their children. Here's what you need to know about early symptoms, prevention, and the steps to take if your child is exposed.

Measles symptoms

Symptoms begin up to two weeks after initial exposure and include: 

• Fever

• Cough

• Runny nose

• Red, watery eyes

A few days later, small white spots (Koplik spots) may appear in the mouth, followed by a red, blotchy rash that spreads from the face downward.

Is measles contagious?

The measles is highly contagious. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can linger in the air and on surfaces for up to two hours, so it is easily transmissible in shared spaces like schools, airports, and daycares.

The measles vaccine (MMR vaccine) 

The measles vaccine, also known as the MMR vaccine, is highly effective.It is administered in two doses—the first dose at 12 months provides about 93% protection, while the second dose, given between ages 4 and 6, boosts protection to 97% for long-term immunity. During an outbreak, older children and adults who received only one dose may need a booster.

Infants as young as 6 months can receive an early dose if they are traveling internationally or if there’s an active outbreak in their community. If you live in an area with high transmission, consult with your pediatrician about early vaccination for your child.

Suspected measles exposure 

If you think your child may have been exposed to measles, call your local or Summer Health pediatrician immediately. DO NOT go directly to your pediatrician's office or hospital without calling first. Measles is extremely contagious, and special precautions may be required to prevent transmission. If your child is unvaccinated or partially vaccinated, they may be able to receive the MMR vaccine to reduce the risk of severe illness.

Precautions families should take during the measles outbreak

During a measles outbreak, the first step is to ensure your child is fully vaccinated. If your child is too young for the MMR vaccine, avoid crowded indoor spaces. Practice hand hygiene and wear a mask in high-risk settings to reduce exposure risk.

Measles complications

Untreated measles can lead to:

• Pneumonia

• Brain swelling (encephalitis)

• Deafness

• Blindness

• Breathing difficulty

• Death 

Children under age five, pregnant women, and individuals who are immunocompromised are at a higher risk of complications.

When to consult a pediatrician 

Contact a pediatrician if your child experiences:

• Fever

• Cough

• Congestion

• Red eyes and/or a rash

Additionally, seek medical advice if your child:

• Has not been vaccinated against measles

• Has recently traveled internationally

• Has been in contact with someone who traveled internationally

• Belongs to a community with low vaccination rates