Why do toddlers bite?

Young children bite as a way to communicate, especially since they are still learning how to express themselves and manage their emotions. Some common reasons for biting include: 

• Exploration: Like infants, toddlers use their mouths to explore and understand the world around them.

• Teething: Sore gums from teething can lead toddlers to bite as a way to ease discomfort.

• Frustration or big emotions: When toddlers struggle to express their needs with words, they may bite out of frustration or from being overwhelmed. 

• Connection: If biting has previously triggered a response, toddlers may use it as a way to gain attention when they don’t know a better way to engage or connect. 

• Overstimulation or tiredness: When toddlers are overstimulated or tired, they can bite as a way to release tension.

At what age do kids start biting? 

Biting begins in infancy. Some babies bite while breastfeeding or while exploring with their mouths. Biting is most common in toddlers (12 to 36 months) as they develop communication and self-regulation skills. Preschoolers (3 to 5 years) may also bite, but this behavior typically subsides as their language and self-regulation skills develop.

Strategies to manage biting in toddlers

• Stay calm and use clear language: Use a firm but gentle tone: “I won’t let you bite. Biting hurts."

• Offer an alternative to biting: If your child is teething, provide a teething toy. If your child is frustrated, model words or gestures they can use instead.

• Teach cause-and-effect: “If you bite, I will set you down. Biting hurts people.” This teaches consequences for their actions.

• Acknowledge their feelings: “I see you’re upset. It’s okay to be mad, but we don’t bite. What you can say instead is, “I’m angry!”

• Reinforce positive behaviors: Praise them when they express emotions appropriately: “Thank you for using your words instead of biting.” 

How to prevent biting

• Provide teething relief: Offer cold washcloths, teething toys, or other safe items to soothe sore gums.

• Teach simple communication: Encourage phrases or sign language like “Help me,” “Please,” or “I’m mad” to express needs.

• Identify and plan for triggers: Watch for signs of hunger, tiredness, or overstimulation and address them early.

• Model gentle interactions: Show kindness and practice gentle touch during playtime to reinforce positive behavior.

• Use role-playing: Acting out scenarios with dolls can help children learn better ways to express emotions.

• Read books about feelings: Explore books that help children understand emotions and address biting.

• Post visual resources: Use a feelings chart or daily schedule to help children navigate their routines and schedule.

When to consult a pediatrician

Consult your pediatrician if biting:

• Continues frequently beyond ages 3–4 and does not show signs of improvement.

• Leads to serious injuries to themselves or others.

• Is accompanied by other concerns such as communication delays, extreme aggression, or social withdrawal.

• Causes significant distress at home, daycare, or preschool.

If you have questions about your child's biting behavior, reach out to your local or Summer Health pediatrician for support. Summer Health is a pediatric telehealth platform offering 24/7 care, providing answers for everything from urgent concerns to everyday questions about your child’s health.