Understanding the flu virus in children

What is the flu?

The flu is an illness caused by the influenza virus, with symptoms that can include sore throat, coughing, fever, body aches, and vomiting. It typically lasts about two weeks and is highly contagious. While anyone can contract the flu, infants and young children are more susceptible due to their developing immune systems and tendency to put things in their mouths. Children who attend daycare are at a higher risk of getting the flu because they are frequently in close contact with more people and other children.

What are signs and symptoms of the flu?

• Cough
• Sneezing
• Congestion
• Sore throat
• Fever
• Fussiness
• Malaise
• Body aches
• Poor feeding
• Lethargy
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

Treating the flu

• Staying hydrated is crucial. For babies, continue nursing or bottle feeding, and for older children, offer water with meals and snacks. You can also provide hydrating foods like watermelon, cucumbers, smoothies, or fruit popsicles.
• Using a cool mist humidifier and giving steam baths can help with congestion, especially during nap or bedtime. Steam baths can also be relaxing and help prepare them for sleep, especially if they have trouble resting while sick.
• Nasal drops (saline drops) and gentle nose suctioning can help clear excess mucus during congestion.
• Children’s ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used for fever or body aches (Ibuprofen can only be used for infants6 months or older). Depending on the situation, antiviral medicine may be prescribed within the first 48 hours of symptom onset. Cold medicine is not recommended.
• Honey has antimicrobial and antibacterial properties and can soothe the throat if your child has been coughing. Honey is only suitable for kids 12 months and older.
• Over-the-counter decongestants are suitable for children aged 6 years and older.
• Ensure your child gets plenty of rest to support their recovery and healing.

When does flu season start?

Flu season begins in October, typically peaks between December and February, and can last until May. The timing can vary by location, so it's important to check the CDC Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report to monitor flu activity in your area.

Flu shots

Babies 6 months and older can receive the flu vaccine. During their first flu season, they will get two doses, spaced four weeks apart. After that, they will need one dose each year. For babies under 6 months who cannot receive the flu shot, you can help prevent illness by:

• Breastfeeding
• Avoiding crowded indoor areas during peak flu season
• Practicing good hand washing
• Avoid sharing cups, utensils, toys
• Do not kiss your baby’s hands or face if you’re sick
• Practice social distancing if you know someone is sick  

Preventing the flu

Maintaining adequate sleep, proper nutrition, and hydration, along with rigorous hygiene practices and getting a flu vaccine, are the best ways to stay flu-free. Here are some other ways to prevent the flu:

• Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces at home, work, or school, especially when someone is unwell.
• Wash your hands often and avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.
• If possible, stay home if you or your child is feeling ill to prevent spreading illness to others.
• For young children, limit their exposure to older kids who may bring germs home from school or daycare.

When to see a pediatrician

If your child has poor feeding, fewer wet diapers, decreased alertness, difficulty breathing, a fever above 104°F, fevers lasting more than 2-3 days, extreme irritability (cannot be consoled), or any other concerning or worsening symptoms, contact your local or Summer Health pediatrician for further guidance.