Understanding baby poop

Normal newborn baby poop consistencies

While some infants have loose, soft stools, others may pass more formed and pasty poops. These differences are often linked to whether the baby is breastfed or formula-fed. Here are a few examples of normal poop textures and consistencies:

• Soft and runny
  
• Mushy
  
• Seedy
  
• Pasty
  
• Formed

If your baby suddenly has very watery stools, or more frequent stools (three or more stools per day), it could be a sign of diarrhea. On the other hand, if your baby consistently passes hard, pellet-like poops, it can indicate constipation. During the first two weeks of life, newborns pass stools frequently, which is perfectly normal.

Infant constipation

Every baby has different bowel movement patterns. Newborns can have anywhere from seven bowel movements a day to once a week. Most babies pass stool after feedings due to the gastrocolic reflex, which activates the digestive system whenever their stomach is full. Breastfed babies may pass fewer stools because breast milk leaves little solid waste. Formula-fed babies have at least one bowel movement a day.

It’s common for babies to strain when they poop, a condition called infant dyschezia, because their abdominal muscles, which help push out stool, are still developing. As long as stools are soft and smooth, there’s no cause for concern. If stools are hard or your baby hasn't passed meconium (first newborn stool) within the first 48 hours, it may signal other issues.  

Symptoms of infant constipation

• Noticeable change in your baby's poop frequency
• No bowel movement for more than three days
• Hard, pebble-like stools or small hard pellets
• Straining and uncomfortable
• Poor appetite or eating less than normal

How to relieve infant constipation

• Offer extra fluids like breast milk or infant formula to soften their stool and make it easier to pass.
• Gently massage your baby's stomach in a circular motion, starting from the belly button and moving outwards to stimulate bowel movement.
• A warm bath can help relax your baby's muscles and stimulate bowel movements.

If your baby is constipated after trying these methods, consult your local or Summer Health pediatrician for additional guidance.

Infant diarrhea

Normal infant stool is soft and runny, so it can be difficult to recognize diarrhea. Diarrhea in infants is triggered by a change in their diet or their mother’s diet (if breastfeeding), vial infections, bacterial infections, cow’s milk allergy, or antibiotic use. As long as your baby stays hydrated, there’s usually no need for concern.

If your baby’s stool has a high liquid content, it could be a sign of diarrhea. The stool appears like urine with small specks of solid waste in the diaper. If your baby isn’t interested in feeding or seems uncomfortable during feedings, try offering smaller, more frequent feedings. To prevent dehydration, make sure your baby is offered plenty of fluids. A well-hydrated baby should have at least 3 to 4 wet diapers in a 24-hour period.

Signs of newborn diarrhea

• Watery, loose stools
  
• Foul smell
  
• May contain mucus or blood
  
• Frequent stools

Diaper rashes and diarrhea

Diarrhea can cause diaper rashes, so it's important to keep your baby's bottom clean and dry. If your baby develops a rash, avoid wipes and use mild soap and water instead. Once your baby is clean, apply a thick layer of diaper cream or ointmentto protect their skin. Use a diaper rash cream with zinc, which heals the skin.  

Signs of dehydration in newborns

Diarrhea can also cause your baby to become dehydrated. Here are some signs of dehydrations:

• Fewer than six wet diapers per day
  
• Parched lips or dry mouth
  
• No tears when they cry
  
• Unusual sleepiness
  
• Sunken soft spot on the top of their head

If your baby's diarrhea persists for more than two days, or if you notice any other concerning symptoms like a fever, vomiting, or dehydration, consult your local or Summer Health pediatrician for further guidance.

Poop colors

• Red poop: May indicate blood in the stool due to an allergy, food intolerance, or irritation around the genital area.
• Orange and yellow poop: Common in breastfed babies.
• Green poop: Common both breastfed and formula-fed babies.
• Black poop: Could be a sign of old blood or meconium, the newborn’s first stool.
• White or tan: A potential sign of a liver issue, which requires immediate medical attention.