What is pink eye?

Pink eye, or conjunctivitis, is inflammation or redness of the conjunctiva, the thin mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and part of the inner eyelids. There are several types of pink eye, including:

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Cause: Pathogens like Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Staphylococcus aureus.

How it spreads: Direct contact with infected eye secretions or contaminated objects like towels or eye drops.

Symptoms: Yellow/green eye discharge, eyelids matted shut, and eye redness.

Viral conjunctivitis

Cause: Adenoviruses, enteroviruses, or herpes simplex virus.

How it spreads: Highly contagious and spreads through direct contact with infected eye secretions, respiratory droplets, and contaminated surfaces or objects.

Symptoms: Watery eye discharge and eye redness.

Allergic conjunctivitis

Cause: Triggered by exposure to allergens like pollen, dust mites, animal dander, or other environmental factors.

How it spreads: It is not contagious and results from an allergic reaction.

Symptoms: Itchy, watery eyes, eye redness, and sensitivity to light.

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Cause: Blocked tear duct, bacterial infection, viral infection.

How it spreads: During vaginal delivery.

Symptoms: Eye discharge, eye redness, and eyelid swelling.

Understanding pink eye

Pink eye is a common condition in children, and bacterial conjunctivitis is particularly prevalent in children under age six. The duration of symptoms depends on the type:

• Bacterial conjunctivitis: Without treatment, it can last 1 to 2 weeks but can resolve faster with care.

• Viral conjunctivitis: Typically resolves on its own within 1 to 3 weeks.

• Allergic conjunctivitis: Varies depending on the season, allergen exposure, and allergy management.

Pink eye is highly contagious, particularly bacterial and viral conjunctivitis. It spreads through touching the eyes with unwashed hands, sharing towels, or direct contact with respiratory droplets.

Pink eye symptoms

• Redness

• Pus or discharge

• Pain or discomfort

• Light sensitivity

• Tearing

• Swelling

• Itching

Pink eye treatment

• Bacterial conjunctivitis: Treated with topical antibiotic ointments or eye drops.

• Viral conjunctivitis: Manage symptoms with a cold compress, artificial tears, and antiviral medications if caused by herpes simplex.

• Allergic conjunctivitis: Use topical antihistamine eye drops. In severe cases, topical steroid drops or immunomodulators may be needed.

• Neonatal conjunctivitis: Treatment depends on the cause and may include antibiotic eye ointments, oral antibiotics, or intravenous antibiotics.

How to prevent pink eye

• Bacterial or viral conjunctivitis: Frequent handwashing, avoiding touching the eyes or sharing personal items.

• Allergic conjunctivitis: Limit exposure to allergens, use air purifiers, close windows during high pollen seasons, and regularly clean bedding and carpets to reduce dust mites.

• Neonatal conjunctivitis: Apply erythromycin ophthalmic ointment to newborns' eyes after delivery.

Can kids go to school with pink eye?

• Bacterial conjunctivitis: Children can return to school 24 hours after starting antibiotic treatment.

• Viral conjunctivitis: Children can return to school when symptoms improve.

• Allergic conjunctivitis: Children can attend school because it is not contagious.