Understanding dandruff and cradle cap

What is dandruff?

Dandruff is a scalp condition where small flakes of dry skin form on the scalp, often causing itchiness. Dandruff is common in kids and adults of all ages. Dandruff is not contagious.

Signs of dandruff

• White flakes of dead skin in the hair and scalp
• Itchy scalp
• Red scalp

Causes of dandruff

• Dry skin
• Skin or scalp irritation
• Oil buildup on the skin or scalp
• Sensitivity or allergic reaction to hair products
• Underlying skin conditions like eczema
• Fungal-related

Treating dandruff

Treatment for dandruff depends on its underlying cause. Dandruff can usually be managed with gentle, antifungal shampoos that reduce oil buildup and yeast growth. To prevent dandruff, regularly shampoo your child’s hair and limit the use of hair products.

What is cradle cap?

Cradle cap, or seborrheic dermatitis, is a common scalp and skin condition in infants and young children. It usually appears between 3 weeks and 12 months of age, and most babies outgrow it by their first birthday.

Cradle cap usually affects the scalp, but it can appear on the eyebrows, behind the ears, forehead, face, neck, and skin folds. It appears as dry, flaky, greasy, scaly, or crusty patches with white or yellow flakes, similar to dandruff. Cradle cap is not contagious.

Causes of cradle cap

The exact cause of cradle cap is unclear, but it’s likely related to excess oil production from a baby’s oil glands or skin yeast.

Treating cradle cap

1. To help loosen the scales, apply an oil-based ointment (like baby oil, mineral oil, olive oil, or petroleum jelly) to the scalp a few hours before shampooing.
2. Gently massage your baby’s scalp while shampooing to help loosen the scales.
3. Use a baby brush to remove the loose and flaky scales. Be extra gentle with the brush around your infant's soft spots on their head.
4. Always use a mild baby shampoo.
5. For more severe cases, your pediatrician may recommend an antifungal cream.
6. In rare cases, steroid creams may be prescribed.
7. Regular hair washing is also preventative.